Sadiyah+Malcolm

Sadiyah Malcolm

__**Intro:**__

Southern defences of American Slavery contained many Biblical fallacies which were taked out of context and posed to justify the institution. Some arguments Include the use of Colossians 3: 22 stating "**Servants, obey in all things //your// masters** according to the flesh; not with eyeservice, as menpleasers; but in singleness of heart, fearing God". Was was not taken into consideration was that **the bible did not, and does not uphold the institution of slavery** and that the word **"Slave" can also be translated or transcribes as "Servant".** It was also not taken into consideration that the bible lays out roles, rules and regulations for servants as well as for slave owners; otherwise known as "masters". The scripture also set standards for the servants and the "served". Such references can be located in Colossians 4: 1 which states "Masters, give unto //your// servants that which is just and equal; knowing that ye also have a Master in heaven."; Ephesians 6:9 "And masters, treat your slaves in the same way. Do not threaten them, since you know that he who is both their Master and yours is in heaven, and there is no favoritism with him.". Other verses include Leviticus 25:43 "Do not rule over them ruthlessly, but fear your God.". Standards such as clearly stated in Exodus 21: 20 were not implemented, which says "And if a man smite his servant, or his maid, with a rod, and he die under his hand; he shall be surely punished.". Leviticus 22:11 (NIV) states "But if a priest buys a slave with money, or if a slave is born in his household, that slave may eat his food." Slaves were not granted this privelege. They ate scraps, and food that was discarded, if any. My final reference is from Exodus 21:16 "And he that stealeth a man, and selleth him, or if he be found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death." As overtly seen, most plantation owners used out- of- context biblical references and verses in order to coerce their selaves into thinking this is the way life that was morally acceptable, and pleasing in the sight of God. __**Niggars**__  "Nigga" has, through European slavery, become a term used, sometimes liberally, in "African American Vernacular English" that began as a non-standard spelling of speech to draw attention to pronunciation of the word "Nigger". which was a word originated as a term used in a neutral context to refer to black people as a variation of the Spanish / Portuguese noun Negro, which desceended from the Latin adjective "Niger" meaning the color "Black". Its use by persons not of African descent is still widely viewed as unacceptable and hostile, even when used without intentional prejudice.  __** REVIEW **__ True or **False**? The word Nigga is an "African American Vernacular English" variation of the Spanish / Portuguese adjective Negro, which desceended from the Latin adjective "Niger" meaning the color "Black". **__Cotton Snobs__** Yeomen; novice plantation owners that owned slaves; were disadvantaged in comparison to rich plsntation owners which were referred to as "Cotton Snobs" because of the lack of "Urban Growth that prevented them from producing any substantial surplus. "Cotton Snobs" were scorned by Yeomen. When asked about the gentry, they voiced their disdain of "Cotton Snobs" and rich planters. Thety resented aristocratic rules and feared concentration of wealth and power in the hands of the "few".  __** REVIEW **__ T or **F**? Cotton Snobs and yeomen were the same people 
 * __Cotton Is KING!__**

These "few" used the slogan "King Cotton" to justify the slave industry alongside the fallacy that blacks were morally and mentally inferior. The "King Cotton" slogan served as the argument that cotton exports would make the Independent Confederacy economically prosperous, and more over—would force Great Britain and France to support their Confederacy because their industry's economy depended on textiles which were in fact derived from cotton    __** REVIEW **__ T or **F**? The term "King Cotton" was used by the Yeomen  **Who Was __Frederick Law Olmsted__?**

Frederick Law Olmsted held many titles such as: -American journalist -social critic -publicadministrator -landscape designer Alongside Andrew Jackson Downing, he is also popularly considered to be the father of American landscape architecture

__** REVIEW **__ True or **False**? Frederick L Olmstead was an American traitor.

__**Slave concentration in 1820 & 1860/ Industrialization**__

__** REVIEW **__ The vast increase in slave population between 1810 and 1860 could be attributed to
 * The Expansion of slavery more than trippled between 1810 and 1860 to nearly 4 million.** This vast increase in slave population could be attributed to the rise of **King cotton**. Another cause that has attributed to this vast slave population expansion was the internal save trade. Tobacco, which was the primordial plantation crop of the colonial period, frequently depleted soil and caused markets to often be depressed,but still remained the principal slave-cultivated crop during the Pre-Civil war Era. When maryland began to experiment with fertilizers and crop rotation, which reduced labor demands, the Upper-South's dependency on slave labor had eased up. The Lower-South which included cotton-producing areas of the South, had began to increase dependency on slave labor, while the Lower South began slowly easing away from the institution. Slave labor increasingly became the drive that was imperative to for the Lower-South which drove the Upper-South to begin selling their "surplus" slaves to those who had become increasingly dependont on the free labor of the slaves, the Lower-South. The most profitable business for Virginia, Kentucky, Maryland, North and South Carolina becane the business of internal "surplus trafficking to areas where where stable crop production was both essential and profitable for the thrive of the Economy.

a. The "Baby Boom" of 1847 c. The Triangular trade d. More slaves being shipped to the US
 * b. the rise of King cotton & the internal slave trade**

Lewis Miller sketches the picture titled "**Slave Sale, Virginia**" was predicted to have been drawn approximately around 1853. **This image serves as a depiction of an internal slave trade in Virginia; which was found in miller's sketchbook**. To some Americans, the trade was abominable and served as an embarrassment. To others, including Southern Plantation and Slave owners whose profit and economic stance were entirely dependent on the slaves and thrived on the backs of these slaves, Slave auctions were essential. Interesting fact- - - Generally speaking, slaves were typically allotted one annual full outfit or cloth to make the latter, the cheapest material availible; Osnaburg. Their annual allottment included a pair of shoes. These shoes were merely simple, cheap Brogans which had "pegged-on" opposed to "sewn-on" soles. __** REVIEW **__
 * __"Slave Sale" Lewis Miller__**
 * True** or False? The Slaves were Annually allotted one outfit per year (including shoes).

Works Cited Bailey, Anne C. //African Voices of the Atlantic Slave Trade: beyond the Silence and the Shame//. Boston: Beacon, 2005. Print. Davidson, Basil. //The African Slave Trade; Precolonial History 1450-1850.// Boston: Little Brown, 1969. Print. //Return To Glory: The Powerful Stirring of the Black Man//. Web. 20 Dec. 2011. . Robinson, John Bell. //Pictures of Slavery and Anti-slavery: Advantages of Negro Slavery and the Benefits of Negro Freedom. Morally, Socially, and Politically Considered//. Philadelphia: [s.n.], 1863. Print. Sims, Marc. //Willie Lynch: Why African-Americans Have so Many Issues//. Chicago, 2004. Print. "Slavery Timeline 1400-1500 - a Chronology of Slavery, Abolition, and Emancipation." //Brycchan Carey - Home Page//. Web. 20 Dec. 2011. <http://www.brycchancarey.com/slavery/chrono2.htm>. "Willie Lynch The Making Of A Slave." //THE TALKING DRUM//. Web. 20 Dec. 2011. <http://thetalkingdrum.com/wil.html>.