Olalekan+Solomon

Chief Coacoochee of the Black Seminoles
 * SEMINOLES**

The Seminole people are descendants of the Creek people. They branched off the main Creek body, which contained approximately 25,000 people) in Georgia and Alabama and moved to Florida. The first Seminoles inhabitants of Florida settled in Chocuchattee (Red House), which is now modern day Brooksville, Florida in 1760. The Seminole population was 1,200 people, and most men were cattlemen. They thrived on cattle, because they used it for clothing, food, and shelter. By 1823, the population grew four fold to 5,000. They then battled the U.S. government, in the fiercest war between Native Americans and the government, called the Second Seminole War (1835-1842). At the end of the war there were only 300 Seminoles remaining in the territory. In the Third Seminole War, the population dropped by 240. For the next sixty years, the small Seminole population made livings as hunters, and guides and curiosities for tourists.

a.) 1,350 b.) 1,400 c.) 1,250
 * 1.) What was the population of the Seminoles when they first moved to Florida?**
 * d.) 1,200**

[] http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/library/news/gopher_john_small.gif- **PICTURE**
 * Primary Source-** []


 * UNDERGROUND RAILROAD**

The Underground Railroad was a vast network of people who assisted fugitive slaves to the Northern states, to Canada, and to other places such as, Mexico. The Underground Railroad was not a made up of only one person but many individuals who were predominantly black but there were some whites. The Underground railroad moved hundreds of slaves northward yearly. For example, it is estimated that the South lost 100,000 slaves from 1810 to 1850. The actual organization of an system to assist runaway slaves was first established towards the end of the 18th century.

The trek to the North was anything but easy. There were many difficult steps involved. First, the slaves would have to escape from their slaveholders. Most slaves had to attempt this on their own, but some slaves were helped by "conductors", who posed as a slaves on a plantation to guide runaway slaves north. After slaves escaped their shareholders they would travel at night for 10-20 miles to each station and rest there for the night. A station could be someone's home, a barn, or other places. They would only leave if word was given to the stationmaster that it was safe to go to the next station. Notable people of the Underground Railroad were Harriet Tubman a famous conductor (made 19 trips from the South to the North), Levi Coffin (assisted 3,000 slaves), and John Fairfield (made daring slave rescues).

a.) 101,000 b.) 110,000 d.) 105,000
 * 2.) How many slaves were estimated to have been lost in the South from 1810 to 1850?**
 * c.) 100,000**

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2944.html http://www.slaveryinamerica.org/images/ugrr_1860.jpg- **PICTURE**
 * Primary Source-** []


 * BENJAMIN DREW FROM NARRATIVES OF FUGITIVE SLAVES IN CANANDA**



Benjamin Drew was a white abolitionist commissioned to go to Canada West (Ontario) to interview escaped slaves from the United States. The population of Canada West was about one million people and approximately 30,000 of them were black, most of whom were escaped slaves. His Book entitled // The Refugee: Narratives of Fugitive Slaves in Canada // was compiled of his interviews of slaves and of people who assisted the slaves. One of the people Benjamin Drew interviewed was Harriet Tubman. He interviewed her while she was in St. Catharines. Benjamin didn't only visit Canada but other countries such as, Chatham, Toronto, Galt, Hamilton, London, Dresden, Windsor, and a number of other communities. Benjamin Drew's book was first published in 1856, and it is only collection of first-hand accounts and interviews of escaped slaves in Canada. It is an invaluable record of early black Canadian experience.

a.) 34,000 c.) 31,000 d.) 35,000
 * 3.) What was the number of blacks in Canada West?**
 * b.) 30,000**

http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/on-line-exhibits/slavery/pics/north_side_view_520.jpg- **PICTURE**
 * Primary Source** -[]

The Brer Rabbit (1712)
 * BRER RABBIT**

The Brer Rabbit stories showed how a small, apparently defenseless animal could overcome a bigger and stronger one through cunning and deceit. The Brer rabbit is a trickster in African, African-American, and Native stories. The brer rabbit is a trickster who always has a match versus the Brer fox, who he always beats. Other stories have different translations with different animals replacing the rabbit and fox. One story is about how the Brer fox hated the Brer rabbit, because he was always bossing everyone around. The Brer fox wanted to capture and kill Brer rabbit. The Brer fox came up with a plan. He made a tar baby, which he put a hat on and put it in the middle of the road. He then hid in the bushes and waited for Brer rabbit to come. The Brer rabbit greeted the tar baby continually but it didn't respond. He got angry so he punched, kicked, and headbutted the tar baby. He got stuck and the Brer rabbit picked him up and couldn't decide what to do with him, so the Brer rabbit suggested that he be thrown into the briar patch. The Brer fox agreed and threw him into it. The Brer fox waited to here a crash or whimper of pain but there was only silence. Then he heard a noise and Brer rabbit was above him sitting on a cliff. He told Brer fox that he had been born and raised in the briar patch and that he knew how to free him. Then the Brer rabbit went on his way.

b.) To make a leave baby c.) To make a stick baby d.) To make a briar patch baby
 * 4.) What was the Brer Fox's plan to capture and kill the Brer Rabbit?**
 * a.) To make a tar baby**

http://www.wisdomportal.com/Poems2010/BrerRabbit(550x756).jpg- **PICTURE** []
 * Primary Source-** []


 * HENRY "BOX" BROWN**

Henry Brown was born in Richmond Virginia. He married a woman named Nancy, who was enslaved by a different owner. They had three kids. In August 1848, Nancy's owner decided to sell Nancy and the children out of state. With nothing to live for in Richmond, Brown decided to try to escape for Philadelphia. He concocted a plan with his two bosses, one was a freed black dentist and a white shoemaker. On March 23, 1840, the two men placed Brown into a wooden crate and put it on a train to Philadelphia. For 26 hours Brown traveled on the train and arrived at the Office of the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society. He was unboxed as a free man.

a.) 6 b.) 7 d.) 2
 * 5.) How many children did Henry "Box" Brown have?**
 * c.) 3**

[]- **PICUTRE** []
 * Primary Source-** []


 * RUNAWAY SLAVE ADVERTISEMENTS**

Runaway ads were placed by slave owners or their representatives in newspapers. The articles would have the name of the fugitive and same type of reward. The would gave the best description of there slaves. They would gave the n ames, gender, age, physical features, distinguishing marks, and clothing and apparel are the most basic components. Sometimes biographical sketches were included in the ad. Most slave owners, especially Virginians, advertised in newspapers in Maryland since it was the last obstacle on a slave's way to the North. Another form of runaway advertisement were committal notices. They were announcements of capture and detainment of persons suspected of being fugitives from slavery. If slaves weren't able to prove their status they would be sent back to their owners if they were fugitives, but they were sold into slavery if not fugitives. Only those who were able to prove their free status, with documentation, were let go.

**6.) Which of the following is NOT a basic description of a fugitive given for an advertisement?** a.) Age b.) Gender c.) Name **d.) Shoe size**

[]- **PICTURE** []
 * Primary Source-** []

James Beckwourth (1798-1867)
 * MULATTO**

Mulattoes were people of a mixed race. They were mixed with white and black. In most cases the father was white (most likely a slave owner) while the mother was black (his slave). They often enjoyed special privileges. For example, in southern Louisiana there was a small group of mulattoes planters who lived in luxury, supported by the labor of other African Americans. In the lower south mulattoes began to increase their numbers gradually. There were some that were very important in society, because their fathers. The fathers either sponsored them as a free person or as a slave. There were some mulattoes that held so much power and they were the brightest, they lived nearly on the same level as whites. These mulattoes were the elite. Most whites tolerated the elite mulattoes but around the1850's the tolerance slowly deteriorated. The elite mulattoes in the lower South were treated as a white third class and as mediators between the whites and blacks. A famous elite mulatto was Langston Hughes, a famous poem writer.

a.) Upper South c.) Eastern South d.) Southwestern South
 * 7.) Where were the numbers of mulattoes increasing?**
 * b.) Lower South**

[]- **PICTURE** []
 * Primary Source-** http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpT1fz1sElg