Alexander+Patrick


 * Abolitionism**

o After the War of Independence, many northern states had abolished slavery in rxn to moral concerns and economic instability. o 19th century: gained much needed momentum o Became more organized
 * Abolitionist movements called to end slavery and existed since colonial times.

o Frederick Douglas o William Lloyd Garrison (Left) o Harriet Tubman
 * Abolitionists went against the Fugitive Slave Acts of 1793 and 1850, seeking to aid runaways (Many from Underground Railroad)
 * Famous Leaders:


 * Garrison was most passionate as he:

o Demanded immediate end of slavery (no compensation to slave owners) o Equal rights for all in society (regardless of race) o His efforts led to American Anti-Slavery Society in 1833 o Wrote Society’s Initial Declaration o Liberty is inalienable o To invade it is to usurp the rights of God o All men have domain over: § His/her body § Results of labor § Protection of law § Common societal advantages o Source: []
 * Initial Declaration stated:


 * American Anti-Slavery Society (AAS) had over 1350 local chapters within five years.
 * The AAS also petitioned the government to halt distribution of abolitionist literature
 * Though in the South delivery of offensive material was common, congress ruled this course of action unconstitutional

o Abolitionist Newspaper editor, St. Louis, Missouri o Moved HQ to Alton, Illinois o Three attempts at it’s destruction by Anti-abolitionists
 * Rev. Elijah Lovejoy:

**The Second Great Awakening**

RELIGION:


 * Start of 19th century:

o Traditional Christian values less favored by educated Americans


 * People displayed greater pride in personal piety than theological education
 * Arose in several places and in several forms:

o Northern New England; social activism

o Western New York; encouraged growth of new denominations

o Appalachian regions of Tennessee and Kentucky; bolstered Presbyterians, Methodists, Baptists

§ Gave rise to popular camp meeting, isolated people gathering to enjoy evangelistic fervor

§ 1st camp meeting: South Central Kentucky, June 1800


 * The revival’s non-religious effects:

o Virtues of Middle class; Strong work ethic, frugality, temperance

o Emphasis on ability to amend endangered lives with reform movement

o Switched to Republican Party in 1860
 * **Henry Ward Beecher**
 * 8th son of Rev. Lyman Beecher
 * Born: June 24, 1813. Litchfield, Connecticut
 * Brother of historian Harriet Beecher Stowe
 * Studied at Lane Theological Seminary before becoming a Presbyterian minister in Lawrenceburg and Indianapolis
 * //Seven Lectures to Young Men,// Published -1844
 * Moved to Plymouth Church, Brooklyn – 1847
 * Very skilled and attractive speaker, drawing crowds of 2,500 or more regularly
 * Strongly opposed slavery, supported temperance and women’s suffrage
 * Supported the Free Soil Party (1852)

o Post-War, Beecher himself advocated reconciliation
 * During Civil War, his church raised and armed a volunteer regiment

**The Temperance Movement**

Ideas and Movements

The Drunkard's Progress > >
 * Organized effort to encourage alcoholic moderation and/or complete abstinence
 * Heavy use of moral swaying to get results
 * Blamed alcohol for modern society’s issues
 * Temperance efforts existed earlier, but the movement skyrocketed in response to the pervasive use of distilled beverages in modern times.
 * The earliest organizations in Europe started in Ireland (1820s) then Scotland, Britain.
 * Movements rose in Norway and Sweden (1830s) In the United States, abstinence pledges publicly taught (most notably, by John Bartholemew @start of 1800s)
 * Associations established in New York (1808) and Massachusetts (1813)
 * First regional (statewide) success for Temperance Movement in Maine - Law passed June 2, 1851
 * Video: media type="custom" key="11923158"
 * Author: John Crowley
 * Full Title: //Drunkard's Progress: Narratives of Addiction, Despair// //and Recovery//