Ayanna+McNeil

African Slave Sermons The Great Awakening of the late 1700s changed many things in American Society. It pulled communities that were drifting apart back together and introduced new concepts that up until then were not common. These concepts included a belief in the equality of all at Jesus' feet. This translated into the abolitionist movement of the North. At the same time, the movement itself moved through the South, which had been prominently non-practicing Anglican. African slaves for the first time were allowed to hear sermons, which helped bring their community together

It was then that the spirituals, with their double meanings of religious salvation and freedom from slavery, developed and flourished; and here, too, that black preachers, those who believed that God had called them to speak his Word, polished their "chanted sermons," or rhythmic, intoned style of extemporaneous preaching. Part church, part psychological refuge, and part organizing point for occasional acts of outright rebellion (Nat Turner, whose armed insurrection in Virginia in 1831 resulted in the deaths of scores of white men, women, and children, was a self-styled Baptist preacher), these meetings provided one of the few ways for enslaved African Americans to express and enact their hopes for a better future.



When did the first black sermons appear? A. after the second seminole war C. when master were nicer to their slaves D. before the slaves even came to America
 * B. after the second great awakening in the late 1700's**

African Freedom Song In the period of captivity that began with the arrival of the first cargo of Africans in Jamestown, Virginia in 1619 and continued until 1865 (when legalized slavery ended with the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation), spirituals gradually evolved to serve a variety of purposes in the fight for freedom. These purposes included: 1) singing as an expression of democratic values and community solidarity; 2) singing as a source of inspiration and motivation; 3) singing as an expression of protest; and 4) singing as coded communication. Of course, many songs served multiple functions in different times and places. However, it is instructive to examine a few examples of songs that can be understood – at least at one level – as illustrative of each of the four categories.

In the call-and-response structure of the spirituals that evolved during the of bondage, enslaved Africans affirmed the traditional African emphasis on the importance of family and (tribal) community identity, a value reinforced by the commonof enslavement. Within this traditional African communal value system, every member of the community was welcomed into the communal circle. In the ring shout; a counterclockwise circle dance ceremony that evolved early in the sojourn of Africans in America, the lyrics and rhythms of the songs sung in the circle often accentuated this communal orientation. media type="youtube" key="Thz1zDAytzU" height="315" width="420"

What were the slave songs used for? A. expression of values B. inspiration and motivation C. Protest D. Coded communication
 * E. Al of the above**

Slave Badges Slave badges were a way of identifying a slave. Slave owners in Charleston Virginia rented their slaves to other owners or wherever they were needed. to identify the slaves, they put the name of the slave sometimes, the occupation of the man or woman who made it, The date marks the year in which the city issued the tag to the slave's owner, allowing the master to further profit from the forced labor of the slave by leasing him out to do work for others. The number signifies its issue order. this made a significant amount of money for the slave owners.



Slave Bsdges B. were used in places other than Charelston Virginia C. always had the slaves name printed on it D. were useless for freed slaves
 * A. were used on rented our slaves**

Bob Ferebee During the late 18th century, slave revolts erupted in Guadeloupe, Grenada, Jamaica, Surinam, San Domingue (Haiti), Venezuela, and the Windward Island and many fugitive slaves, known as maroons, fled to remote regions and carried on guerrilla warfare (during the 1820s, a fugitive slave named Bob Ferebee led a band in fugitive slaves in guerrilla warfare in Virginia). he was captured in july 1823 by the virginia militia and was executed for his crimes.



When was Bob Ferebee Executed? A. 1774 B. 1801 D. 1834
 * C. 1823**

Gabe Prosser Gabe Prosser today commonly – if incorrectly – known as Gabriel Prosser, was a literate enslaved blacksmith who planned to lead a large slave rebellion in the Richmond area in the summer of 1800. However, information regarding the revolt was leaked prior to its execution, thus Gabriel's plans were foiled. Gabriel and twenty-five other members of the revolt were hanged. In reaction, the Virginia and other legislatures passed restrictions on free blacks, as well as the education, movement and hiring out of the enslaved.



Gabe Prosser was A. a farmer C. lived in Alabama D. Was homeless
 * B. a literate blacksmith**

Denmark Vesey Conspiracy Denmark Vesey originally Telemaque, was an African American slave brought to the United States from the Caribbean of Committee background. After purchasing his freedom, he planned what would have been one of the largest slave rebellion in the United States. Word of the plans was leaked, and at Charleston, South Carolina, authorities arrested the plot's leaders before the uprising could begin. Vesey and others were tried, convicted and executed.

Inspired by the revolutionary spirit and actions of slaves during the 1791 Haitian Revolution, and furious at the closing of the African Church, Vesey began to plan a slave rebellion. His insurrection, which was to take place on Bastille Day, July 14, 1822, became known to thousands of blacks throughout Charleston and along the Carolina coast. The plot called for Vesey and his group of slaves and free blacks to execute their enslavers and temporarily liberate the city of Charleston. Vesey and his followers planned to sail to Haiti to escape retaliation. Two slaves opposed to Vesey's scheme leaked the plot. Charleston authorities charged 131 men with conspiracy. In total, 67 men were convicted and 35 hanged, including Denmark Vesey.

Inspired by the revolutionary spirit and actions of slaves during the 1791 Haitian Revolution, and furious at the closing of the African Church, Vesey began to plan a slave rebellion. His insurrection, which was to take place on Bastille Day, July 14, 1822, became known to thousands of blacks throughout Charleston and along the Carolina coast. The plot called for Vesey and his group of slaves and free blacks to execute their enslavers and temporarily liberate the city of Charleston. Vesey and his followers planned to sail to Haiti to escape retaliation. Two slaves opposed to Vesey's scheme leaked the plot. Charleston authorities charged 131 men with conspiracy. In total, 67 men were convicted and 35 hanged, including Denmark Vesey.



What was Denmark Vesey's inspiration? A. He was fed up with the low grade food he was served B. His master was too sweet to him C. he didnt like America
 * D. The African church was closed**

Second Seminole War

On December 28, 1835 Osceola murdered Indian agent Wiley Thompson. The same day, Major Francis Dade and his U.S. soldiers were ambushed by 300 Seminole warriors near Fort King (Ocala). These incidents began the Second Seminole War. The natives retreated into the Everglades, began guerilla tactics against U.S. forces and fought desperately for more than seven years. By 1837, the Seminole apparently had managed to force a truce. During negotiations, however, Oceola was arrested and confined first at Saint Augustine, then Fort Moultrie at Charleston, South Carolina where he died on January 30, 1838. His followers fought on. By 1842, they were nearly exterminated. Some 4,420 Seminoles surrendered and were deported to Oklahoma. A few hundred managed to remain in the Everglades under the leadership of Billy Bowlegs, their principal chief. The Third Seminole War would ensue. The Second Seminole War proved to be the most expensive of the Indian Wars in which the United States was involved. It cost the lives of thousands of Seminole and 1,500 U.S. soldiers, as well as more than $30 million.

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Who was the second seminole war fought between?  A. the british and french  B. the americans and carribeans D, natives and the french
 * C. US ad the Seminoles **