Philipos+Yohannes

1. self responsibility 2. religion makes a man weak 3. support for the putting-out system
 * Owenites** were followers of Robert Owen. Robert Owen tried to reorganize society on a socialistic basis, and established an industrial community in Clyde, Scotland, and later a similar one in Indiana. That establishment started up in 1825 and failed in 1829. Owenites believed in family time, even wealth, and better education. Owenism had three basic belief:



__//**a. Owenites**//__
 * Question**
 * People who followed Robert Owen were called**
 * b. Republicans**
 * c. Farmers**
 * d. Base Lords**


 * Transcendentalism** was a philosophical movement that developed in the 1830-1840 in the New England region as a protest to the general state of culture and society. They believed that society and its institutions ultimately corrupted the purity of the individual and also that man is at his best when independent. There were many figures that helped lead to the growth of this community but the top two were Emerson and Thoreau.

__//**c. Thoreau and Emerson**//__
 * Question**
 * The Two major leaders of the transcendentalism community were and _?**
 * a. Noyes and Hawthorne**
 * b. Walker and Turner**
 * d. Obama and Clinton**

__//**b. George Ripley**//__
 * Brook Farm** was a New England utopian community. It was founded by George Ripley and other transcendentalist Unitarians. The farm was meant to be a new Jerusalem, the "city of God, anew." It was founded in 1841 but had a short coming when it went bankrupt in 1847. Brook Farm influenced many social reforms such as abolitionism, the workingmen's movement, and the women's right movement. It officially closed after an uninsured building was destroyed in a fire. Under is a map of brook farm.
 * Question**
 * 1. Who founded Brook Farm?**
 * a. John M. Patterson**
 * c. John Wall**
 * d. John Noyes**


 * John Humphrey Noyes** started his movement at an early age. He started voicing his heretical at the age of 21. He started the idea known as //**Perfectionism**//. He claimed that the second coming of Christ was 70 A.D., and that mankind was living in a new age. His idea was that it was possible to be free of sin in this lifetime. His theory centered around the idea that the fact that man had an independent //will// was because of God, and that this independent //will// came from God, therefore rendering it divine. The only way to control mankind’s //will//was with spiritual direction. And Noyes proclaimed “it was impossible for the Church to compel man to obey the law of God, and to send him to eternal damnation for his failure to do so." Noyes claimed “his new relationship to God canceled out his obligation to obey traditional moral standards or the normal laws of society." Noyes later built a community in Oneida, New York. In 1879 the community dissolved into a joint stock company.

__//**c. Perfectionism**//__
 * Question**
 * What was Noyes' idea claiming that you can be free from sin?**
 * a. Procrastinationism**
 * b. Precipitationism**
 * d. Powermaniaism**


 * Henry David Thoreau** was an American author, poet, philosopher, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, historian, and leading transcendentalist. Among his lasting contributions were his writings on natural history and philosophy, where he anticipated the methods and findings of ecology and environmental history, two sources of modern day environmentalism. His literary style interweaves close natural observation, personal experience, pointed rhetoric, symbolic meanings, and historical lore, while displaying a poetic sensibility, philosophical austerity, and love of practical detail. He delivered speeches slamming the fugitive slave law, rejoicing abolitionist John Brown. Thoreau lived with Ralph Waldo Emerson while tutoring his son for a couple of years. While tutoring Emerson's son, Thoreau sought help to publish his works. He got help from Horace Greeley to publish his works.

- media type="youtube" key="Py4baYFMzTY" height="315" width="420" __//**a. cut throat**//__
 * Question**
 * Which of these was Thoreau NOT?**
 * b. philosopher**
 * c. abolitionist**
 * d. author**


 * Colored Citizens of the World** was to awaken the strength of African unity and struggle. David Walker was the author of this document. He wrote it to immediately end slavery, but he failed as it went on. This document started the movement of slave revolts. Walker has been the inspiration of many generations of black activists. The appeal is called the radicalization of many abolitionist movements.



__//**b. David Walker**//__
 * Questions**
 * Who wrote the Colored Citizens of the World?**
 * a. Nat Turner**
 * c. John Quincy Adams**
 * d. Stonewall Jackson**


 * Nathaniel Hawthorne** was born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts. He was actually born as Hathorne, but changed his name by adding a "w". Hawthorne actually joined the Brook Farm community before he married his wife. Hawthorne wrote great novels such as //The Scarlett Letter// which was published in 1850. Much of Hawthorne's writing centers on New England, many works featuring moral allegories with a Puritan inspiration.

__//**c. The Red Badge of Courage**//__
 * Question**
 * What Famous Story did Hawthorne Write?**
 * a. The red badge of courage**
 * b. The sly fox**
 * d. Hello Blue Moon**